Nice set up for goldfishes..... Outdoor is ideal for goldfish.... except, watch out for birds. Having good vegetation cover over the small pond would be good.... or worst come to worse, a plastic mesh over it. I have a resident kingfisher who comes to visit my pond every evening... taken a few smaller goldfishes, but now that I've 6inch plus ranchus, I think it rather goes for the small platties and guppies in the lily pond.
Still wondering why your yam plant won't grow well? Maybe not enough food for it? I have the opposite problem.... can't stop the yam plant from growing to 3m plus!! Maybe that's because my waterway where I keep the goldfish and yam plants is connected to my koi pond.....